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Do you agree with new policy that reduces taxes for US producers of renewable chemicals?
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Biofuels International Conference 2013
11 September 2013 - 12 September 2013
Ramada Plaza, Antwerp, Belgium
Read more >> |
Biomass Asia Conference 2013
20 May 2013 - 22 May 2013
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
World Biofuels 2013
23 May 2013 - 24 May 2013
Seville, Spain |
ILTA
3 June 2013 - 5 June 2013
Houston, Texas |
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Volume 4, Issue 8
Feature: Eliminating ethanol emissions |
During the process of ethanol transportation and storage harmful vapours are created as the ethanol evaporates. Approximately 0.1kg/m3 of ethanol is lost between transportation from the factory to the storage tank, 0.1kg/m3 between the storage tank and the service station and 0.1kg/m3 when the ethanol is being pumped from the service station to a vehicle. Vapour losses also accumulate in the storage process itself, depending on the type of tank used. In fixed roof tanks a vapour space is present so vapour loss will occur, whereas floating roof tanks do not have any vapour space. In Europe the emission of hydrocarbons from transfer terminals is limited to 35g/m3 of air emitted to the atmosphere and in Germany the country’s air pollution control regulation TA-Luft requires a maximum of 150mg/m3 of air emitted. In the US the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets the minimum standard at 10g/m3, however this emission level will vary from state to state as each region can choose to increase the standard if it wishes. For example Pennsylvania has enforced a 3mg/litre mandate, while in Texas the level has been set at 1mg/litre loaded.
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